Thor comic cover wall art12/29/2023 CBD is well tolerated and effective in studies of social anxiety during public speaking tasks, 1, 14, 15 demonstrates promising data from early trials in psychosis to treat schizophrenia 16, 17 and in the early studies of motor and nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease 18 it has also shown some promise in colitis. 12, 13 Interest in the broader therapeutic potential of CBD is exemplified by the burgeoning number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses published within the past few years that champion its use in a number of potential therapeutic indications. 8 Indeed, Epidiolex ® (99% CBD 0.1% Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol ) has been approved in some places for the treatment of epilepsy 9 and clinical trials have established that CBD can be an effective treatment for pediatric epilepsy, 10, 11 or epilepsy with a pediatric onset. 7 Thus, there is a strong and urgent need to develop novel treatment approaches for anxiety disorders.Ĭannabidiol (CBD) is a constituent of the Cannabis plant, which has potential therapeutic properties across many neuropsychiatric disorders. 6 Anxiety disorders may additionally be treated using psychological approaches, including cognitive behavioral therapy, exposure therapy, and cognitive processing therapy, 4 although these therapies tend to be costly and limited to some therapeutic contexts. 5 These pharmacotherapies tend to have adverse effects and low efficacy (in only about 40–60% of patients), 4 with the majority of patients failing to achieve complete remission. 2, 4Ĭurrently, the main pharmacological treatments for anxiety disorders include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclics, partial 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A) receptor agonists, and benzodiazepines. 3 These disorders tend to be chronic and persistent, lasting 6 months or more, and have high comorbidity rates with other anxiety disorders and mental illnesses. 2 Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are no longer classified as anxiety disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 2 however, they both encompass excessive anxiety and share common symptomology with anxiety disorders. 3 Neuropsychiatric anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD also known as social phobia), specific phobia, panic disorder, and agoraphobia. Anxiety disorders are associated with panic attacks, avoidance behavior, and diminished sense of well-being, leading to troubled relationships, increased rates of unemployment, and elevated risk of suicide. 2 Persistent fear and anxiety lead to maladaptive behavioral disturbances and disability. 1 Anxiety is characterized by excessive anticipation of future threats and accompanied by excessive fear, which is an emotional response to imminent threats. Thus, future research should focus on this area due to the lack of research in females and the knowledge gap on sex and gender differences in the effectiveness of CBD as a potential treatment for anxiety.Īnxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental illnesses in the world, leading to high societal costs and economic burden. Among individuals with anxiety disorders, the prevalence rates, symptomology, and treatment response differ between males and females. The majority of pre-clinical and clinical research has been conducted using males only. Although these findings are promising, future research is warranted to determine the efficacy of CBD in other anxiety disorders, establish appropriate doses, and determine its long-term efficacy. Preliminary evidence from human trials using both healthy volunteers and individuals with social anxiety disorder, suggests that CBD may have anxiolytic effects. Pre-clinical research using animal models of innate fear and anxiety-like behaviors have found anxiolytic, antistress, anticompulsive, and panicolytic-like effects of CBD. After the recent legalization of cannabis, CBD has drawn increased attention as a potential treatment, as the majority of existing data suggest it is safe, well tolerated, has few adverse effects, and demonstrates no potential for abuse or dependence in humans. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a constituent of the Cannabis plant, which has potential therapeutic properties for various indications. Current pharmacotherapies for anxiety disorders are associated with adverse effects and low efficacy. Anxiety disorders have the highest lifetime prevalence of any mental illness worldwide, leading to high societal costs and economic burden.
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